Question

1. what is the process that builds monomers called? (see picture on right)
2. what are the four major carbon - based macromolecules found in our bodies?
3. what is a carbohydrate and what is their job in general?
4. what three elements are carbohydrates made from?
5. what is the specific monomer (building block) of carbohydrates that ends in - ose?
6. do carbohydrates provide quick short term energy or store long term energy?
7. what is a monosaccharide? what is a polysaccharide?
8. describe what happens during a dehydration reaction (see picture for help).
9. what is starch? where is it found?
10. what is glycogen? where is it found?
11. what is cellulose? where is it found?
12. describe what happens during hydrolysis (see picture for help).

Explanation:

1. The process that builds monomers into polymers is called polymerization.
2. The four major carbon - based macromolecules in our bodies are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
3. Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Their general job is to provide energy.
4. Carbohydrates are made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
5. The specific monomer of carbohydrates that ends in - ose is a monosaccharide, like glucose.
6. Carbohydrates provide quick short - term energy.
7. A monosaccharide is the simplest form of carbohydrate, a single sugar unit. A polysaccharide is a long chain of monosaccharides.
8. In a dehydration reaction, a water molecule is removed as monomers are linked together to form a polymer.
9. Starch is a polysaccharide made of glucose monomers. It is found in plants as a storage form of energy.
10. Glycogen is a highly branched polysaccharide. It is found in animals, mainly in the liver and muscles, as a storage form of glucose.
11. Cellulose is a polysaccharide that is a major component of the plant cell wall.
12. During hydrolysis, a water molecule is added to break the bonds between monomers in a polymer.

Answer:

1. Polymerization
2. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
3. Organic compounds made of C, H, O; provide energy
4. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
5. Monosaccharide
6. Provide quick short - term energy
7. Monosaccharide: simplest carbohydrate, single sugar unit; Polysaccharide: long chain of monosaccharides
8. Water molecule is removed as monomers form polymer
9. Polysaccharide of glucose monomers; found in plants
10. Highly branched polysaccharide; found in animal liver and muscles
11. Polysaccharide, major component of plant cell wall
12. Water molecule is added to break polymer bonds