Question

1. what do ribosomes do? are they found freely floating in the cytoplasm? or are they found attached to another organelle? or both. explain why this occurs. 8. what does the endoplasmic reticulum do? 9. what is the difference between rough er and smooth er? what is the er doing that is different in each case? 10. what are lysosomes? what types of molecules would be found inside a lysosome? 11. what is the cytoplasm of a cell? 12. explain why some cells have more mitochondria than others. 13. compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Explanation:

1. Ribosomes are the sites of protein - synthesis. They can be found freely floating in the cytoplasm and also attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER). Free - floating ribosomes make proteins that function in the cytoplasm, while attached ribosomes make proteins for secretion or for use in the cell membrane.
2. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. It also helps in the transport of substances within the cell and can store calcium ions.
3. Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface and is mainly involved in protein synthesis and modification. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.
4. Lysosomes are membrane - bound organelles containing digestive enzymes. Molecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids that need to be broken down are found inside lysosomes.
5. The cytoplasm of a cell is the jelly - like substance that fills the cell and contains all organelles and cell parts except the nucleus. It provides a medium for cellular processes to occur.
6. Some cells have more mitochondria than others because they require more energy. For example, muscle cells and liver cells have high energy demands and thus have a large number of mitochondria to produce ATP through cellular respiration.
7. Prokaryotic cells are simpler, lack a nucleus and membrane - bound organelles, and are usually smaller. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and various membrane - bound organelles, and are generally larger and more complex.

Answer:

1. Ribosomes synthesize proteins. They can be free - floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Free - floating ribosomes make cytoplasmic proteins, attached ones make secreted or membrane proteins.
2. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, substance transport, and calcium storage.
3. Rough ER has ribosomes, is for protein synthesis/modification. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes, is for lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.
4. Lysosomes are membrane - bound organelles with digestive enzymes. Molecules like proteins, lipids, carbs, and nucleic acids are found inside.
5. The cytoplasm is the jelly - like substance filling the cell, containing organelles except the nucleus, and providing a medium for cellular processes.
6. Cells with high energy demands, like muscle and liver cells, have more mitochondria to produce ATP.
7. Prokaryotic cells are simple, lack a nucleus and membrane - bound organelles, are small. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane - bound organelles, are larger and more complex.