Question

what are some of the reactions to the delhi sultanate by the hindu population of india? what is the jizya? why was indias political landscape decentralized? what prevented the delhi sultanate from extending their reach to the south? religion in south asia what are some differences between islam and hinduism?

Explanation:

Sub - question 1: What are some of the reactions to the Delhi Sultanate by the Hindu population of India?

Some Hindus resisted the Delhi Sultanate's rule due to religious differences (Islamic rule vs Hindu traditions), tax policies like jizya, and cultural changes. Others adapted, with some Hindu elites collaborating for power or economic benefits, and there was also a syncretic cultural development as some aspects of Hindu and Islamic cultures mixed.

Jizya is a tax historically imposed on non - Muslim subjects (dhimmi) in Islamic states, like during the Delhi Sultanate. It was a poll tax, and non - Muslims who paid it were granted protection and the right to practice their religion, while being exempt from military service and some Islamic religious duties.

India's political decentralization was due to geographical diversity (mountains, rivers dividing regions), diverse ethnic and cultural groups with their own local power structures, the lack of a single overarching imperial authority for long periods (except for brief imperial phases), and the existence of many small kingdoms and principalities that governed locally.

Answer:

• Resistance: Due to religious (Islamic governance vs Hindu traditions), tax (jizya), and cultural change concerns.
• Adaptation: Some elites collaborated for power/economy; syncretic cultural development occurred.

Sub - question 2: What is the jizya?