Question

what is the term for bending of waves when entering a different layer of the earth?
reflection
seismology
refraction
radiation

the molten layer in the interior of the earth is called the
your answer

imagine you are helping one of your classmates to understand why part of the interior of the earth is liquid. explain how seismic waves were used to discover this.

Explanation:

First Sub - Question (Multiple - Choice)

• Reflection: It is the bouncing back of waves when they hit a boundary, not bending when entering a different medium. So this option is incorrect.
• Seismology: It is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth, not a term for wave bending. So this option is incorrect.
• Refraction: By definition, refraction is the bending of waves (such as seismic waves) when they enter a medium with a different density (like a different layer of the Earth). This matches the description in the question.
• Radiation: It is the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, not related to wave bending when entering a different Earth layer. So this option is incorrect.

The molten layer in the interior of the Earth is the outer core. The outer core is a liquid layer composed mainly of iron and nickel, and it lies beneath the mantle and above the inner core.

1. There are two main types of seismic waves: P - waves (primary waves) and S - waves (secondary waves).
2. P - waves are longitudinal waves and can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. S - waves are transverse waves and can only travel through solids.
3. When seismic waves from an earthquake travel through the Earth, scientists observed that S - waves do not pass through a certain layer of the Earth's interior (the outer core). Since S - waves can only travel through solids, this indicates that the outer core is in a liquid state. Also, the behavior of P - waves (their change in speed and direction - refraction) as they pass through different layers also provides evidence about the composition and state (solid/liquid) of the Earth's interior layers. The bending of P - waves as they enter the outer core (a liquid medium) and the absence of S - waves in the outer core region led to the conclusion that part of the Earth's interior (the outer core) is liquid.

Answer:

C. refraction

Second Sub - Question (Fill - in - the - Blank)