Question

which combination of factors will result in an island community with the lowest ecological tolerance? increased colonization, decreased extinction rate decreased human population, increased agricultural expansion introduction of invasive species, increased deforestation upwelling of colder ocean water, increased sunlight

Explanation:

Increased colonization and a higher extinction rate indicate significant human - induced disturbances. Decreased human population and increased agricultural expansion are less likely to cause extreme ecological stress compared to increased colonization and high extinction rates. Introduction of invasive species and deforestation also severely disrupt ecosystems. Upwelling of colder ocean water and increased sunlight are more natural factors and may not necessarily lead to the lowest ecological tolerance. Increased colonization often leads to habitat destruction, and a high extinction rate means a stressed ecosystem with low ecological tolerance.

Answer:

Increased colonization, decreased extinction rate