Question

which disturbance would result in primary succession?harvesting wheat by using a combine harvester at the end of the growing seasoncontrolled burning to stimulate the growth of forest trees such as sequoiathe formation of surtsey, a volcanic island off of the southern coast of icelandthe effect of a large herd of elephants on the grasses and shrubs in an area

Explanation:

Primary succession occurs in areas where no previous soil or living organisms exist, starting from bare rock or newly formed land.

• Harvesting wheat leaves intact soil and a seed bank, so it is secondary succession.
• Controlled burning leaves soil and residual organisms, so it is secondary succession.
• A volcanic island like Surtsey is newly formed, bare rock with no prior ecosystem, fitting primary succession.
• Elephant grazing damages existing vegetation but leaves soil and organisms, so it is secondary succession.

Answer:

C. the formation of Surtsey, a volcanic island off of the southern coast of Iceland