Question

1. which of the following is not referenced in the paragraphs on the back?

a. family values of byzantine citizens.
b. courses that focused on latin & greek grammar.
c. memorizing homer for scholarly students.
d. keeping great works of rome & spain alive for later use.

1. what animal is attributed to bringing the plague described above? _______________

during those many centuries, the eastern church in constantinople continued to flourish. at the same time, however, distance and lack of contact slowly caused the doctrines and rituals of western and eastern christianity to diverge. the church would eventually split into the eastern orthodox and roman catholic churches.

eastern christianity built its heritage on the works of early church fathers. one was st. basil, who, around 357, wrote rules for the life of monks. another key figure was saint john chrysostom. as bishop of constantinople from 398 to 404, st. john was the patriarch, or leading bishop of the east. but even the patriarch bowed to the emperor. a controversy that tested the emperor’s authority over religious matters broke out in the 8th century: in 730, emperor leo iii banned the use of icons, religious images used by eastern christians to aid their devotions. the emperor thought the use of icons amounted to idol worship. the army supported the emperor’s view, and enthusiastic iconoclasts, or “icon-breakers,” broke into churches to destroy images. but the people rioted, and the clergy rebelled. in the west, the pope became involved in this eastern dispute and supported the use of icons. one pope even ordered the excommunication of a byzantine emperor—that is, he declared that the emperor was an outcast from the church. in 843, more than a hundred years after the controversy began, an order from an empress named theodora restored icons to eastern churches. differences between the eastern and western church, however, continued to grow. in 1054, matters came to a head when the pope and the patriarch excommunicated each other in a dispute over religious doctrine. after this schism, or split, christianity was permanently divided between the roman catholic church in the west and the orthodox church in the east, as the orthodox refused to see the pope and his ruling as supreme.

1. the western empire had what church? _______________________________________.

1. what action by leo iii caused the great schism? ________________________________.

1. the schism between the eastern and western christian churches was partly a result of ______?

a. the banning of the worship of icons
b. the battle of tours.
c. the war with france.
d. justinian’s code

1. during the great schism, the ________ church refused to recognize the supremacy of the pope.

a. roman catholic church
b. eastern orthodox church
c. russian orthodox church
d. protestant church

as west and east grew apart, the two traditions of christianity competed for souls. missionaries from the orthodox church, for example, took their form of christianity north to the slavs. two of the most successful eastern missionaries, saint methodius and saint cyril, worked among the slavs in the ninth century. cyril and methodius invented an alphabet for the slavic languages. with an alphabet, slavs would be able to read the bible in their own tongues. many slavic languages, including russian, are not written in what is called the cyrillic alphabet. the orthodox missionaries opened up highways for byzantine influence in slavic lands. as these missionaries were carrying out their work among the slavs, an important new slavic nation was forming.

1. what did cyril & methodius do? ___________________________________________

which statement explains the distribution of monasteries on the map shown left?
a. roman catholic religious devotion was heavily rooted in western europe.
b. christianity spread as a result of the rise in monasteries in western europe.
c. catholics in western europe wanted to convert the residents of muslim spain.
d. the church wanted to make sure that all europeans had equal access to monasteries.

map image: europe in 1050, key with monastery, mostly christian 476 ce, mostly christian added by 1050 ce, mostly muslim 1050 ce

Explanation:

Question 7

The plague (Black Death) was spread by fleas on rats. The text's context about historical plagues (likely Black Death) attributes it to rats (via fleas).

The text states the Western Church became Roman Catholic. After the schism, the Western Empire’s church was the Roman Catholic Church.

Leo III banned icons (religious images) in 730, which started a controversy. This, along with other disputes, led to the Great Schism.

Answer:

Rat (specifically, fleas on rats, but the animal attributed is rat)

Question 8