Question

which of the following research designs will allow cause - and - effect conclusions?

• correlational
• quasi - experimental
• experimental
• survey

Explanation:

Correlational designs only show relationships between variables, not causation. Quasi-experimental designs lack random assignment, so they cannot definitively prove cause-and-effect. Surveys are used to collect descriptive or correlational data. Only experimental designs use random assignment of participants to groups, control variables, and manipulate an independent variable, which allows for valid cause-and-effect conclusions.

Answer:

experimental