Question

which of the following species often show the type 2 (constant loss) survivorship pattern? songbirds gorillas humans whales

Explanation:

Type - 2 survivorship pattern shows a constant mortality rate throughout the organism's life - span. Songbirds have a relatively constant risk of death at all ages due to factors like predation, disease, and environmental changes. Gorillas, humans, and whales typically show Type - 1 (low mortality early, high mortality late) survivorship patterns.

Answer:

songbirds