Question

which gene - linked abnormality causes anemia and early death as the body’s cells do not receive adequate oxygen?
phenylketonuria (pku)
spina bifida
sickle - cell anemia
diabetes
question 2 (4 points)
genetic counselors can
offer strategies to offset some of the effects of genetic abnormalities.
prevent genetic abnormalities.
treat the abnormalities so individuals can live disease - free.
explain why these genetic abnormalities occur.
question 3 (4 points)
down syndrome often has which of the following characteristics?
it occurs primarily in native american children.
there is delayed development of motor and mental abilities.
it is caused by the presence of an extra copy of y chromosome.
it occurs when genetic imprinting goes awry.

Explanation:

Question 1

• Phenylketonuria (PKU) affects amino acid metabolism, not oxygen delivery.
• Spina bifida is a neural tube defect, not related to oxygen - carrying issues.
• Sickle - cell anemia causes red blood cells to be sickle - shaped, reducing oxygen transport, leading to anemia and early death.
• Diabetes is a metabolic disorder about insulin, not oxygen - related.

• Genetic counselors can't prevent genetic abnormalities (they are inherited/caused by mutations).
• They don't treat to make individuals disease - free (treatment is medical, not their role).
• They explain risks, inheritance, and can offer strategies to offset effects (like prenatal care, lifestyle changes). They don't just explain why (their role is more about counseling and strategies).

• Down syndrome is not specific to Native American children.
• It's caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, not Y.
• Genetic imprinting issues are not the cause. Down syndrome often has delayed motor and mental development.

Answer:

sickle - cell anemia

Question 2