Question

which is one event that may lead to primary succession?
clear-cutting
climate change
volcanic eruption
introduced species

Explanation:

Primary succession occurs in lifeless areas where no soil exists, like after a volcanic eruption (lava cools to form new rock, no soil initially). Clear - cutting, climate change, and introduced species affect areas with existing soil (secondary succession or other ecological changes, not primary succession start).

Answer:

C. volcanic eruption