Question

which plant characteristics are common to pioneer species? f plants with roots that act as wedges to slowly break apart rocks g plants with long, thick roots that tap into deep water supplies h trees with exposed surface roots that trap soil and vegetation j plants with a broad mat of surface roots that quickly soaks up water

Explanation:

Pioneer species are the first to colonize barren environments (like bare rock after a disturbance). Option F describes plants with roots that break rocks, which helps in weathering rock to form initial soil, a key role of pioneer species (e.g., lichens, mosses). Option G (deep water roots) and H (trees, which are later successional) and J (quick water - soaking, not typical pioneer trait) don't fit. Pioneer species start soil formation by breaking rock, so F is correct.

Answer:

F. plants with roots that act as wedges to slowly break apart rocks