Question

7 which relationship can best be described as causal (causation)? a number of students in a class and number of students with brown hair b number of correct answers on a test and test score c shoe size and running speed d height and intelligence

Explanation:

• Option A: The number of students in a class and the number of students with brown hair are related by chance (a student having brown hair is independent of class size), so no causation.
• Option B: The number of correct answers on a test directly causes the test score (test score is often calculated based on correct answers, e.g., score = points per correct answer × number of correct answers), so this is a causal relationship.
• Option C: Shoe size does not cause running speed (a person's running speed depends on fitness, training, etc., not shoe size), so no causation.
• Option D: Height and intelligence are not causally related (intelligence is influenced by genetics, environment, education, etc., not height), so no causation.

Answer:

B. number of correct answers on a test and test score