Question

which statement primarily appeals to pathos, or emotion, to support the position that an overemphasis on community fosters dependence and reduces individual freedom?
some of the worst atrocities of the twentieth century were brought about by societies that demanded collectivist thinking and action.
as philosopher and economist john stuart mill argued with regard to individualism, having individual freedom is integral to developing an efficient society.
while some may believe that having the support of a strong community is important for individual growth, i maintain that too much support can be harmful and may hinder an individuals decision - making ability.

Explanation:

To determine which statement appeals to pathos (emotion), we analyze each option:

• The first statement ("Some of the worst atrocities...") uses the emotional weight of "worst atrocities" to associate overemphasis on community (collectivist thinking) with negative, emotionally charged events, appealing to fear and revulsion.
• The second statement appeals to ethos (authority of John Stuart Mill) and logos (logical argument about efficiency).
• The third statement is a logical counter - argument without strong emotional appeal.

Answer:

The statement "Some of the worst atrocities of the twentieth century were brought about by societies that demanded collectivist thinking and action."