Question

1. which of these involves estimating the size of a population by counting only the members of the population in a particular area and then using this to estimate the size of the entire population over its entire inhabited area?mark-and-recapturepopulation indexcounting the entire populationsampling

Explanation:

• Mark-and-recapture involves marking, releasing, and recapturing individuals to estimate population size, not counting a sample area.
• A population index is an indirect measure of population relative size, not area-based estimation.
• Counting the entire population is a full census, not a sample-based estimate.
• Sampling in this context refers to counting a representative small area, then extrapolating that density to the total inhabited area to estimate overall population size, which matches the question's description.

Answer:

sampling