world history: industrial revolution study guide
1. what was the first industry to be fully mechanized?
2. what kind of work did factory workers do?
3. by 1830, the majority of the work force in the cotton industry were made up of what?
4. how did karl marx define the bourgeoisie and the proletariat?
5. what factors contributed to the industrial revolution in great britain?
6. what is socialism?
7. what are james watt, james hargreaves, and eli whitney most know for?
8. what invention was the most important for the industrial revolution?
9. what were some of the positive and negative effects of the industrial revolution?
10. what was the biggest social change from the industrial revolution?
11. identify 2 new types of transportation systems.
12. what was the cottage industry?
13. describe the working conditions in the factories and mines.
14. explain how karl marx believed communism would emerge.
15. explain how education changed from 1870 and 1914. what were the two main reasons for this change?
16. describe 3 of the horrors that upton sinclair witnessed in the meat packing plant.
17. describe 5 major changes to building safety as a result of the triangle shirtwaist factory fire.
18. identify some of the reasons that immigrants came to the united states.
19. what were some of the hardships that immigrants to the us faced?
possible short answer questions
1. identify the 5 factors that contributed to the industrial revolution in great britain.
2. describe the working conditions in the factories and the mines.
3. explain how education changed from 1870 - 1914. what were the 2 main reasons for this change?
4. how did karl marx believe communism would come about?
5. describe 3 of the horrors that upton sinclair witnessed in the meat packing plant.
6. identify 5 major changes to building safety as a result of the triangle shirtwaist factory fire.
7. identify 4 reasons why people immigrated to the us between 1870 and 1900.
8. identify 4 hardships that immigrants faced once they reached the united states.

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Accepted Answer

# Brief Explanations:
1. The cotton industry was the first to be fully mechanized due to inventions like the spinning - jenny and water - frame.
2. Factory workers performed repetitive tasks such as operating machinery in textile, iron - making, and other factories.
3. By 1830, the majority of the workforce in the cotton industry were women and children.
4. Karl Marx defined the bourgeoisie as the capitalist class that owns the means of production, and the proletariat as the working class that sells its labor.
5. Factors contributing to the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain included abundant natural resources, a large workforce, capital for investment, political stability, and a vast colonial market.
6. Socialism is an economic and social system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the community as a whole, aiming for more equal distribution of wealth and resources.
7. James Watt is known for improving the steam engine, James Hargreaves for inventing the spinning - jenny, and Eli Whitney for the cotton gin.
8. The steam engine was a crucial invention for the Industrial Revolution as it provided a new source of power for factories and transportation.
9. Positive effects of the Industrial Revolution included increased production, economic growth, and technological advancements; negative effects included poor working conditions, pollution, and social inequality.
10. The biggest social change was the shift from an agrarian to an urban - industrial society.
11. New types of transportation systems included the steam locomotive and the steamship.
12. The cottage industry was a system where people produced goods in their homes, often textiles, before the rise of factories.
13. Factory and mine working conditions were harsh, with long hours, low pay, dangerous machinery, and poor ventilation.
14. Karl Marx believed communism would emerge through a proletarian revolution, where the working class overthrows the bourgeoisie and establishes a class - less society.
15. From 1870 - 1914, education became more widespread and compulsory in many countries. Reasons included the need for a more educated workforce for industrial jobs and the rise of democratic ideals.
16. Upton Sinclair witnessed unsanitary conditions, the use of spoiled meat, and the presence of rodents in meat - packing plants.
17. Changes to building safety after the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire included better fire escapes, sprinkler systems, and stricter building codes.
18. Immigrants came to the United States for economic opportunities, religious freedom, and to escape political unrest in their home countries.
19. Immigrants faced hardships such as language barriers, discrimination, overcrowded living conditions, and low - paying jobs.

For possible short - answer questions:
1. Five factors for the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain: natural resources, large workforce, capital, political stability, colonial market.
2. Factory and mine working conditions: long hours, low pay, dangerous machinery, poor ventilation.
3. Education change from 1870 - 1914: became more widespread and compulsory; reasons: need for educated workforce, rise of democratic ideals.
4. Karl Marx on communism: through a proletarian revolution.
5. Horrors in meat - packing plant: unsanitary conditions, spoiled meat, rodents.
6. Changes to building safety: better fire escapes, sprinkler systems, stricter building codes.
7. Reasons for immigration to US (1870 - 1900): economic opportunities, religious freedom, political unrest, family reunification.
8. Hardships for immigrants in US: language barriers, discrimination, overcrowded living, low - paying jobs.

# Answer:
1. The cotton industry.
2. Repetitive tasks operating machinery.
3. Women and children.
4. Bourgeoisie: capitalist class owning means of production; Proletariat: working class selling labor.
5. Abundant natural resources, large workforce, capital for investment, political stability, vast colonial market.
6. An economic and social system with community - owned means of production for equal wealth distribution.
7. James Watt: improved steam engine; James Hargreaves: spinning - jenny; Eli Whitney: cotton gin.
8. The steam engine.
9. Positive: increased production, economic growth, tech advancements; Negative: poor working conditions, pollution, social inequality.
10. Shift from agrarian to urban - industrial society.
11. Steam locomotive, steamship.
12. A system of home - based production, often textiles.
13. Long hours, low pay, dangerous machinery, poor ventilation.
14. Through a proletarian revolution.
15. Became more widespread and compulsory; Need for educated workforce, rise of democratic ideals.
16. Unsanitary conditions, spoiled meat, rodents.
17. Better fire escapes, sprinkler systems, stricter building codes.
18. Economic opportunities, religious freedom, political unrest.
19. Language barriers, discrimination, overcrowded living, low - paying jobs.
Possible Short Answer Questions:
1. Natural resources, large workforce, capital, political stability, colonial market.
2. Long hours, low pay, dangerous machinery, poor ventilation.
3. Became more widespread and compulsory; Need for educated workforce, rise of democratic ideals.
4. Through a proletarian revolution.
5. Unsanitary conditions, spoiled meat, rodents.
6. Better fire escapes, sprinkler systems, stricter building codes.
7. Economic opportunities, religious freedom, political unrest, family reunification.
8. Language barriers, discrimination, overcrowded living, low - paying jobs.

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