Question

10.describe the synapse.

1. what is the difference between an electrical synapse and chemical synapse?

12.what is a neurotransmitter?

1. define the synaptic gap.
2. describe the difference between the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic terminal.
3. what does reuptake mean?
4. explain how an excitatory neurotransmitter and inhibitory neurotransmitter impact a neuron.
5. what is hyperpolarization?

Explanation:

1. A synapse is a junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a target cell (like a muscle or gland cell) that allows for the transmission of electrical or chemical signals.
2. Electrical synapses use gap - junctions for direct electrical signal transfer, while chemical synapses release neurotransmitters into a synaptic cleft for signal transmission.
3. A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that is released by a neuron at a synapse to transmit a signal to another neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell.
4. The synaptic gap, also known as the synaptic cleft, is the small space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes of a synapse.
5. The presynaptic terminal is the end of the axon of the neuron that sends the signal and releases neurotransmitters. The postsynaptic terminal is part of the receiving neuron or target cell that has receptors for the neurotransmitters.
6. Reuptake is the process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the presynaptic neuron after they have been released into the synaptic cleft.
7. Excitatory neurotransmitters depolarize the postsynaptic neuron, making it more likely to fire an action potential. Inhibitory neurotransmitters hyperpolarize the postsynaptic neuron, making it less likely to fire an action potential.
8. Hyperpolarization is a change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative than the resting potential, reducing the likelihood of an action potential.

Answer:

1. A junction for signal - transfer between neurons or a neuron and a target cell.
2. Electrical synapses use gap - junctions for direct transfer; chemical synapses use neurotransmitters.
3. A chemical messenger released by neurons at synapses.
4. The small space between presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes.
5. Presynaptic terminal sends signals and releases neurotransmitters; postsynaptic terminal has neurotransmitter receptors.
6. The process of neurotransmitter re - entry into the presynaptic neuron.
7. Excitatory neurotransmitters depolarize, increasing action - potential likelihood; inhibitory neurotransmitters hyperpolarize, decreasing it.
8. A change making the membrane potential more negative than the resting potential.