Question

1. describe the plan hatched by alcibiades and tissaphernes in which sparta and athens would destroy one another.
2. who were the thirty? how were the athenians able to overthrow the thirty?

Explanation:

Question 12

Alcibiades, exiled from Athens, allied with Tissaphernes (Persian satrap). Their plan: Tissaphernes would fund Sparta’s navy to fight Athens, but also subtly support Athens to prolong the war (so Persia could gain from Greek disunity). He’d promise Athens Persian aid if they recalled Alcibiades, while urging Sparta to keep fighting Athens, aiming to exhaust both so Persia could dominate Greek affairs.

The Thirty (Thirty Tyrants) were a pro - Spartan oligarchy imposed on Athens after its defeat in the Peloponnesian War (404 BCE). They ruled harshly, executing opponents, confiscating property, and limiting citizenship. Athenians overthrew them: Resistance grew, led by Thrasybulus. He and exiles seized Phyle, then advanced on Athens. Internal dissent in the Thirty (some, like Theramenes, opposed their brutality) and popular support for the exiles led to a battle in Athens. The Thirty’s forces were defeated, and the oligarchy collapsed, leading to the restoration of Athenian democracy.

Answer:

Alcibiades (exiled Athenian) and Tissaphernes (Persian satrap) planned: Tissaphernes would financially support Sparta’s naval efforts against Athens, while also subtly aiding Athens (e.g., promising Persian support if Athens recalled Alcibiades) to prolong the Peloponnesian War. This would exhaust both Sparta and Athens, enabling Persia to assert dominance over Greek city - states by capitalizing on their mutual destruction.

Question 13