#13 in a survey of 500 students at neumann university, 90 of these students, or 18%, are nursing majors. based on this survey, the school paper reported that: \18% of all of our students are majoring in nursing.\ this report is an example of: (a) a sample (b) a population (c) statistical inference (d) descriptive statistics

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# Brief Explanations:
- Option A: A sample is the subset of the population studied (here, 500 students), not the report's conclusion. Eliminate A.
- Option B: A population would be all Neumann University students, not the report's statement. Eliminate B.
- Option C: Statistical inference involves making predictions or generalizations about a population using sample data. But here, the report is just describing the sample's proportion (18% of 500 students) and extending it to all students, but wait—no, actually, descriptive statistics summarizes sample data, while inference is about population. Wait, no: Wait, the survey is of 500 students (sample), and the report says "18% of all our students"—but is this inference or descriptive? Wait, no: Descriptive statistics is summarizing the sample (e.g., 18% of the 500 are nursing). But the report says "all our students"—so they are generalizing from the sample (500) to the population (all students). Wait, but maybe I got it wrong. Wait, let's re-express:
Descriptive statistics: organizing, summarizing, presenting data (e.g., 18% of the 500 surveyed are nursing).
Statistical inference: using sample data to make conclusions about the population (e.g., 18% of all students are nursing, based on the sample).
But wait, the survey is 500 students (sample), and the report says "18% of all our students"—so they are inferring about the population from the sample. But wait, the options: D is descriptive statistics. Wait, maybe I messed up. Wait, the 18% is the proportion of the sample (500 students: 90/500 = 18%). Then the report says "18% of all our students"—but is that descriptive or inferential? Wait, no—descriptive statistics is about the sample, inferential is about the population. But maybe the report is incorrectly using the sample statistic as a population parameter, but the question is about what the report's statement is an example of. Wait, let's check definitions:
- Descriptive statistics: methods for organizing, summarizing, and presenting data (e.g., percentages, means, graphs of the sample).
- Statistical inference: methods for using sample data to make conclusions about a population.
In this case, the survey is a sample (500 students). The report says "18% of all our students"—so they are using the sample's 18% to claim about the entire population. But wait, the 18% was calculated from the sample (90/500 = 0.18). So the report is inferring that the population proportion is 18% based on the sample. But wait, the options: D is descriptive statistics. Wait, maybe the report is just describing the sample's proportion and mistakenly applying it to the population, but the question is about the type of statistics. Wait, no—let's re-express the options:
A: Sample is the 500 students, not the report's statement. Eliminate.
B: Population is all students, not the statement. Eliminate.
C: Statistical inference: using sample to make population conclusions. The report uses the sample (500) to say about all students (population), so that's inference? But wait, maybe the answer is D. Wait, no—descriptive statistics is about the sample. Wait, the 18% is a descriptive statistic of the sample (500 students: 18% are nursing). Then the report says "18% of all our students"—but that's an inference. But maybe the question is considering that the report is just reporting the sample's percentage and calling it the population's, but the key is: descriptive statistics is summarizing the sample, inference is about population. Wait, let's check the definitions again.
Descriptive statistics: summarizes data from a sample (e.g., "18% of the surveyed students are nursing").
Statistical inference: uses sample data to make claims about the population (e.g., "18% of all students are nursing").
So in this case, the report is making a claim about the population (all students) based on the sample (500 students), so that's statistical inference? But wait, the options: C is statistical inference, D is descriptive statistics. Wait, maybe I made a mistake. Wait, the survey is 500 students (sample). The 18% is the sample proportion. Then the report says "18% of all our students"—so they are inferring that the population proportion is equal to the sample proportion. So that's statistical inference. But wait, let's check the options again.
Wait, maybe the answer is D. Wait, no—descriptive statistics is about the sample. If the report said "18% of the surveyed students are nursing", that's descriptive. But it says "all our students", so it's inferring. But maybe the question considers that the report is incorrectly using descriptive statistics (reporting the sample's percentage) as the population's, but the question is about what the report's statement is an example of. Wait, the options:
A: Sample is the 500 students, not the statement. Eliminate.
B: Population is all students, not the statement. Eliminate.
C: Statistical inference: using sample to draw population conclusions. The report does that.
D: Descriptive statistics: summarizes sample data. The report is not summarizing the sample, but extending to the population. Wait, no—the 18% is a descriptive statistic of the sample, but the report is applying it to the population. So the statement "18% of all our students" is an inference, because it's a conclusion about the population based on the sample. So the answer should be C? Wait, no, maybe I'm wrong. Wait, let's check with examples.
Example of descriptive statistics: "In our survey of 500 students, 18% are nursing majors."
Example of statistical inference: "Based on our survey of 500 students, we estimate that 18% of all students are nursing majors."
In the problem, the report says "18% of all of our students are majoring in Nursing"—which is an inference, because it's a conclusion about the population (all students) based on the sample (500 students). So the answer is C? But wait, maybe the answer is D. Wait, no—descriptive statistics is about the sample. The report is not describing the sample, but the population. So it's inference. So the correct option is C? Wait, no, let's check the definitions again.
Statistical inference: the process of using data from a sample to make estimates or test hypotheses about the population.
Descriptive statistics: methods for organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in a convenient and informative way.
In this case, the report is using the sample (500 students) to make a claim about the population (all students), so that's statistical inference. So the answer is C. Wait, but maybe the answer is D. Wait, I'm confused. Wait, the 18% is calculated from the sample (90/500 = 0.18). Then the report says "18% of all our students"—so they are inferring that the population proportion is 18%. So that's statistical inference. So the correct option is C.
# Answer:
C. statistical inference

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