Question

1. what about russia’s location was significant? 15. how did yaroslav’s decision to divide his realm among his sons help cause kiev’s decline? 16. what main demands did the mongols make on their russian subjects? 17. how did ivan iii lead the russians to their independence from the mongols? 18. how did vladimir’s conversion to christianity affect kiev? use the primary sources in “resisting mongol rule” and “rebelling against the mongols” to answer the following two questions. 19. in what way did the reasons for the uprisings in novgorod and tver differ? 20. based on what you have read about the mongols, what do you think their response was to the above events of resistance and rebellion?

Explanation:

1. Russia's location straddles Europe and Asia, giving it access to diverse trade - routes and cultural exchanges. It also has vast natural resources due to its large land area.
2. Yaroslav's division led to fragmentation. Sons ruling different parts led to internal rivalries, weakening the overall power of Kiev and making it more vulnerable to external threats.
3. The Mongols demanded tribute in the form of goods and money from their Russian subjects. They also required military service and hostages in some cases.
4. Ivan III refused to pay tribute to the Mongols, strengthened the Russian military, and used diplomatic means to isolate the Mongol - controlled khanates. He also incorporated other Russian principalities under his rule, increasing Russian strength.
5. Vladimir's conversion to Christianity made Kiev a center of Orthodox Christianity. It brought cultural, religious, and political changes, such as closer ties with the Byzantine Empire and the adoption of Byzantine - style art, architecture, and legal systems.
6. The uprisings in Novgorod and Tver likely had different causes. Novgorod might have been more about economic interests and maintaining its trading independence, while Tver's could have been more politically - motivated, perhaps related to local leadership ambitions or resistance to Mongol - imposed rulers.
7. The Mongols typically responded harshly to resistance and rebellion. They might have launched military campaigns to suppress uprisings, imposed harsher taxes or tributes, and carried out punitive measures like massacres or destruction of property to deter future opposition.

Answer:

1. Its position straddling Europe and Asia and access to trade - routes and resources.
2. Fragmentation led to internal rivalries and vulnerability.
3. Tribute, military service, and sometimes hostages.
4. Refused tribute, strengthened military, used diplomacy, and incorporated principalities.
5. Made Kiev a center of Orthodox Christianity, brought cultural and political changes.
6. Novgorod likely economic - based, Tver more politically - motivated.
7. Harshly, with military campaigns, harsher taxes, and punitive measures.