Question

1. all of the following are ways to reduce bias in a study except:

using a placebo
using a double-blind study
using animals in the study
all of the above are examples of ways to reduce bias in a study

1. before articles are published in reputable scientific journals, other scientists critically review them.

true
false

Explanation:

Question 18

• A placebo is used in clinical trials to reduce bias (e.g., participant bias as they don't know if they got treatment or placebo).
• A double - blind study (neither participants nor researchers know who is in which group) reduces bias.
• Using animals in a study does not inherently reduce bias in a study about human or general phenomena. It is a choice of study subject, not a bias - reduction method.

The process of peer review, where other scientists critically review articles before publication in reputable scientific journals, is a fundamental part of scientific publishing. It helps ensure the quality, validity, and reliability of the research.

Answer:

C. Using animals in the study

Question 19