Question

in the 1800s, ______ was developed, making printing possible from photographic plates rather than metal casts.

the daguerreotype
offset lithography
the linotype machine
the hot print machine

8 multiple choice 1 point
u.s. publisher robert de graff copied the success of similar books in england when he founded ______ in 1939. this company produced inexpensive paperback reissues of books that had already become successful in hardback.

de graff brothers
harper brothers
penguin books
pocket books

Explanation:

For the first question: Offset lithography, developed in the 1800s, enabled printing from photographic plates instead of metal casts. Daguerreotype is an early photography method, linotype uses metal casts for text, and hot print machine is not associated with this specific printing shift.
For the second question: Robert de Graff founded Pocket Books in 1939, modeling it after successful British paperback publishers to produce low-cost reprints of hardback successes. de Graff Brothers is not the correct firm, Harper Brothers is an older publisher, and Penguin Books was the British inspiration, not de Graff's company.

Answer:

1. offset lithography
2. Pocket Books