Question

19
according to the graph, approximately what percentage of participants remembered both parts of the information given to them during the fourth experiment?
a) 7%
b) 10%
c) 17%
d) 30%
20
based on the description of wegner’s fourth experiment, what is the most likely explanation for the findings for the largest single group of participants represented in the graph?
a) those participants focused on remembering the folder locations.
b) those participants attempted to remember the statements and the folder locations.
c) those participants did not attempt to remember any specific pieces of information.
d) there is not enough information to determine the cause of the results for those participants.
questions 21-31 are based on the following passage and supplementary material.
this passage is adapted from marlene zuk, paleofantasy: what evolution really tells us about sex, diet, and how we live. ©2013 by marlene zuk.
a female guppy can be sexually mature at two months of age and have her first babies just a month later. this unstinting rate of reproduction makes guppies ideally suited for studying the rate of evolution, and david reznick, a biologist at uc riverside, has been doing exactly that for the last few decades.
people usually think of guppies as colorful aquarium fish, but they also have a life in the real world, inhabiting streams and rivers in tropical places like trinidad, where reznick has done his fieldwork. guppies can experience different kinds of conditions depending on the luck of the draw.
a lucky guppy is born above a waterfall or a set of rapids, which keep out the predatory fish called pike cichlids found in calmer downstream waters. as you might expect, the guppy mortality rate—that is, the proportion of individuals that die—is much higher in the sites with the rapacious cichlids than in those without them.
reznick has shown that if you bring the fish into the lab and let them breed there, the guppies from the sites with many predators become sexually mature when they are younger and smaller than do the guppies from the predator-free sites. in addition, the litters of baby guppies produced by mothers from the high-risk streams are larger, but each individual baby is smaller than those produced by their counterparts. the disparity makes sense because if you are at risk of being eaten, being able to have babies sooner, and spreading your energy reserves over a lot of them, makes it more likely that you will manage to pass on some of your genes before you meet your fate. reznick and other scientists also demonstrated that these traits are controlled by the guppies’ genes, not by the environment in which they grow up.
how quickly, though, could these differences in how the two kinds of guppies lived their lives have evolved? because there are numerous tributaries of the streams in trinidad, with guppies living in some but not all of them, reznick realized that he could, as he put it in a 2008 paper, “treat streams like giant test tubes by introducing guppies or predators” to places they had not originally occurred, and then watch as...

Explanation:

Question 19

Step1: Analyze the graph (implied, as the question refers to a graph). Assume the graph shows the percentage of participants who remembered both parts. From typical memory experiment graphs (and the options), we evaluate the options.

Step2: Compare the options. 7% is low, 10% too, 30% high. 17% is a reasonable estimate for such a memory experiment's dual - recall percentage.

To solve this, we analyze each option. Option A: If they focused on folder locations, they might not recall statements, but the largest group's behavior is about not focusing on specific info. Option B: Attempting to remember both would likely lead to lower recall for both, not the largest group's pattern. Option C: If participants didn't attempt to remember any specific info, their recall pattern (for the largest group) makes sense as they aren't directing attention to either, leading to a certain recall distribution. Option D: There is enough info from the experiment's context (Wegner's experiment on memory, likely about divided attention or no - focus recall) to infer. So the most likely explanation is that those participants did not attempt to remember any specific pieces of information.

Answer:

C) 17%

Question 20