Question

1. how did portugal and spain govern their colonies to promote economic gain and exert their authority?

a. they used the encomienda and mita systems for cheap labor, while sending gold and goods to europe in return for protection of native americans.
b. they ensured if landowners were given property by the government, they would be responsible to educate native americans on the catholic religion.
c. they used the creoles and mestizos to help export mulattoes to avoid foreign tariffs.
d. they used the capitalist economic system to ensure free enterprise through low tariffs and competitive pricing on tea, spices, and slaves.

1. what role did the catholic church play in the colonization of latin america?

a. help establish the first creole run government in latin america.
b. it built churches, schools, hospitals, converted the native population, and provided an outlet for women.
c. it prohibited the discrimination of peninsulares and creoles by the european establishment.
d. was instrumental in establishing the theocratic governments in el salvador and brazil.

1. what is mercantilism?

Explanation:

Pregunta 19:

Las potencias ibéricas usaron sistemas de mano de obra coerceda (encomienda y mita) para extraer riquezas (oro, bienes) de las colonias, enviándolas a Europa a cambio de "proteger" a los pueblos indígenas. Las otras opciones son incorrectas: B no se alinea con su objetivo económico principal; C no corresponde a su política de comercio; D es falso porque usaron mercantilismo, no libre mercado.

Pregunta 20:

La Iglesia Católica tuvo un papel multifacético en la colonización: construyó infraestructura social (iglesias, escuelas, hospitales), convirtió a los pueblos indígenas y ofrecía un espacio para las mujeres en contextos restrictivos. Las otras opciones son incorrectas: A no es cierto, los peninsulares gobernaban; C no prohibió la discriminación; D no estableció gobiernos teocráticos en esos países.

Pregunta 21:

El mercantilismo es una doctrina económica y política de la época moderna que defiende que la riqueza de una nación depende de sus reservas de metales preciosos (oro y plata), que se deben acumular mediante un superávit comercial (exportar más que importar), controlar el comercio colonial y limitar la competencia extranjera.

Answer:

1. A. They used the encomienda and mita systems for cheap labor, while sending gold and goods to Europe in return for protection of Native Americans.
2. B. It built churches, schools, hospitals, converted the native population, and provided an outlet for women.
3. Mercantilism is an economic and political doctrine from the early modern period, centered on accumulating a nation's wealth through precious metal reserves, maintaining a favorable trade balance (exports exceeding imports), controlling colonial trade, and restricting foreign competition to benefit the mother country.