Question

1. the _ law of thermodynamics states that the amount of useful energy decreases with each change in the form of the energy. a. first b. second c. potential d. kinetic 35. which phase is shown in the image at right? a. telophase b. anaphase c. cytokinesis d. prophase e. metaphase 36. in which phase of mitosis does the spindle form? a. telophase b. anaphase c. prophase d. metaphase 37. the variation of a gene is called a(n) _, while the site (where it is found) of a gene on a chromosome is called the _. a. chromatid; locus b. chromatid; centromere c. allele; locus d. allele; centromere 38. human muscle cells may conduct _ fermentation. yeast cells conduct ___ fermentation. a. lactic acid; alcoholic b. lactic acid; aerobic c. alcoholic, lactic acid d. alcoholic, aerobic 39. which kind of cell attachment is involved with communication in plant cells? a. gap junction b. tight junctions c. plasmodesmata d. desomosome 40. which kind of cell can give rise to a wide variety of cell types? a. a cell from an adult identical twin b. a liver cell c. a skin cell d. an early embryo cell e. a heart cell 41. what is the gender indicated by a human karyotype showing 23 perfectly paired chromosomes? a. female b. male 42. an rbc (red blood cell) is placed in a hypertonic solution. the rbc will: a. hemolyze b. crenate c. plasmolyze d. all of the above

Explanation:

1. The second law of thermodynamics states that the amount of useful energy decreases with each change in the form of energy.
2. Without seeing the image, but based on knowledge of mitosis phases, prophase is when the spindle begins to form.
3. An allele is a variation of a gene, and the locus is the site of a gene on a chromosome.
4. Human muscle cells may conduct lactic - acid fermentation and yeast cells conduct alcoholic fermentation.
5. Plasmodesmata are involved in communication in plant cells.
6. Early embryo cells are pluripotent and can give rise to a wide variety of cell types.
7. A human karyotype with 23 perfectly paired chromosomes indicates a female (XX).
8. When a red - blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water leaves the cell and it crenates.

Answer:

1. B. Second
2. (No image, but if spindle - formation is the key) C. Prophase
3. C. Allele; locus
4. A. Lactic acid; alcoholic
5. C. Plasmodesmata
6. D. An early embryo cell
7. A. Female
8. B. Crenate