Question

case study 1: coral bleaching and ocean temperatures
coral reefs around the world are experiencing bleaching events, where corals lose their vibrant colors and eventually die. a group of marine biologists suspects that rising ocean temperatures are the main cause. however, other scientists argue that pollution and overfishing may also play major roles.

1. what is the research question the scientists could ask?
2. write a testable hypothesis about coral bleaching.
3. design an experiment or observational study that could test this hypothesis.
4. identify the variables:

• independent variable: _______________________
• dependent variable: _______________________
• controlled variables: _______________________

1. how could the scientists analyze and interpret the data?
2. what are some possible limitations of this study?

Explanation:

1. Research Question

The question should focus on factors causing coral bleaching. A suitable one is: "What factors (ocean temperature, pollution, overfishing) most contribute to coral bleaching?"

A testable hypothesis links an independent variable (e.g., ocean temperature) to the dependent variable (coral bleaching). Example: "If ocean temperature increases, then the rate of coral bleaching will increase, assuming pollution and overfishing levels are constant."

Select multiple coral reef sites with varying ocean temperatures (but similar pollution/overfishing). Monitor bleaching over time. Record temp and bleaching severity.

Answer:

What factors (ocean temperature, pollution, overfishing) most contribute to coral bleaching?

2. Testable Hypothesis