Question

8.2 cell structure

1. the portion of the cell outside the nucleus is called
2. structures in the cell that act like specialized organs are called
3. the nucleus contains nearly all the cells _, the coded instructions for making
4. the nuclear envelope is dotted with thousands of nuclear
5. structures that carry the cells genetic information found in the nucleus are
6. proteins are assembled on
7. where are lipids synthesized?
8. the rough er has what on its surface?
9. what type of cells have an abundant amount of rough er?
10. the smooth er plays an important role in the synthesis of
11. the golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and _ proteins.

making proteins (figure 8 - 8)

1. proteins are assembled on
2. newly assembled proteins are carried from the rough er to the _ in vesicles.
3. vesicles from the golgi apparatus are shipped to their _ or out of the cell.

organelles that store, clean up, and support

1. structures that store material like water, salts, and proteins are called
2. in paramecium, _ vacuoles pump out excess water.
3. what stores and moves materials between cell organelles?
4. what structures break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins?
5. what helps the cell maintain its shapes and is also involved in movement?
6. threadlike structures made of a protein called actin:
7. hollow structures made of a protein called tubulin:
8. microtubules are arranged in a _ pattern

organelles the capture and release energy

1. _ capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy. _ convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that the cell can use.
2. in humans, nearly all of the mitochondria originate from the
3. what observation led to the endosymbiotic theory?

cellular boundaries

1. prokaryotes have a strong supporting layer around the membrane known as the
2. the _ regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
3. the membrane is selectively _; some substances can pass, others cannot.
4. what can form channels and pumps to move material across the membrane?
5. what acts as chemical identification cards?

Explanation:

These are fill - in - the - blank questions about cell structure and function. Key concepts include parts of the cell (cytoplasm, organelles, nucleus), cell processes (protein synthesis, energy conversion), and cell boundaries. Knowledge of cell biology terms and functions is required to answer.

Answer:

1. DNA; proteins
2. pores
3. chromosomes
4. ribosomes
5. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
6. ribosomes
7. cells that secrete proteins
8. lipids
9. packages
10. ribosomes
11. Golgi apparatus
12. final destinations
13. vacuoles
14. contractile
15. vesicles
16. lysosomes
17. cytoskeleton
18. microfilaments
19. microtubules
20. 9 + 0 (in cilia and flagella) or 9 + 2 (in most microtubule - based structures)
21. Chloroplasts; Mitochondria
22. mother (from the egg)
23. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes, and are similar to prokaryotes
24. cell wall
25. cell membrane
26. permeable
27. proteins
28. carbohydrates (glycoproteins and glycolipids)