Question

ch. - 4 medieval architecture, cities, merchants and craftsmen.
◆ fill in the blanks.

1. a person who is proficient in architecture is called an ____________.
2. the best specimen of mughal architecture ,taj mahal is built by ____________.
3. ____________ is one of the twelve most sacred jyotirlingas in india.
4. the city of ahmedabad was established by ____________.

◆ state whether the following statements are true or false.

1. capital of vijaynagar was hampi.
2. world famous merchants like malik vora and virji gopi lived in surat.
3. diu, daman, goa, mumbai, chennai, puducherry, kochi developed with the arrival of european companies.
4. the pride of gujarat is garba which is associated with worship and praise of goddess shakti.
5. the patola work done by ladies of bhavnagar is in great demand, all over the world.

◆ answer the following questions in one word.

1. by which other name is sun temple of konark known?
2. with the help of which tools is sculpture made ?
3. where is somnath temple located?
4. which garden is developed in the middle of kankaria lake?

◆ answer the following questions in one sentence.

1. who built the rani ni vav and where?
2. what is said about adi - kadi step - well?
3. name the book written by sarangdev of devgiri and haripal dev of gujarat.
4. what is the speciality of temples of south india?
5. which fort of kumbhalgarh and chittod are important pieces of hindu architecture during medieval time?

◆ explain following terms.

1. hudo
2. gopuram

◆ give reasons.

1. sun temple of konark is also known as black pagoda.
2. hampi was a major centre of trade and commerce.

◆ write short note on:

1. rudra mahalaya
2. navratri garba festival
3. urbanization during medieval period

ch.- 11 components of the environment and interrelationships
◆ fill in the blanks.

1. ____ is the only planet in the solar system which has natural environment.
2. high tides are formed by ____ or storm.
3. man - made environment is also known as ____________ environment.

◆ state whether the following statements are true or false.

1. the main source of fresh water is ocean.
2. the time interval between two tides is 15 hours.
3. tides occurs on the earth due to gravitational force of jupiter and saturn.
4. in the pacific ocean there is a trench which is 10 to 11 kms deep.
5. man does excavation in lithosphere to obtain minerals.

◆ answer the following questions in one word.

1. environment is made up of how many components?
2. how many times a day does the sea - level rises and falls ?
3. what is the phenomenon of rising and falling of sea called ?
4. what is unnecessary, excessive, unbearable sound known as?

◆ explain the following terms.

1. biosphere
2. atmosphere
3. hydrosphere

◆ answer the following questions in two to three sentences.

1. what are the reasons of land pollution?
2. what are the causes of air pollution?
3. what are the measures to prevent water pollution?
4. due to which pollutants air pollution increases?
5. write adverse effects of noise pollution.

◆ give reasons.

Explanation:

or storm.

• Man - made environment is also known as the anthropogenic environment.

1. True - False (Ch. - 11):

• The main source of fresh water is not the ocean (False).
• The time interval between two tides is about 12 hours and 25 minutes, not 15 hours (False).
• Tides occur on the earth due to the gravitational force of the moon and the sun, not Jupiter and Saturn (False).
• In the Pacific Ocean, there is a trench which is 10 to 11 kms deep (True).
• Man does excavation in the lithosphere to obtain minerals (True).

1. One - word answers (Ch. - 11):

• Environment is made up of four components (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere).
• The sea - level rises and falls twice a day.
• The phenomenon of rising and falling of the sea is called tides.
• Unnecessary, excessive, unbearable sound is known as noise.

1. Term explanations (Ch. - 11):

• Biosphere: It is the global sum of all ecosystems, where all living organisms interact with the non - living components of the environment.
• Atmosphere: It is the layer of gases surrounding the Earth, which is essential for life as it provides oxygen, protects from harmful radiation, and regulates temperature.
• Hydrosphere: It includes all the water on the Earth's surface, such as oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, and groundwater.

1. Two - three sentence answers (Ch. - 11):

• Reasons of land pollution: Industrial waste disposal, improper garbage disposal, use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture.
• Causes of air pollution: Emission from vehicles, industrial smoke, burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil.
• Measures to prevent water pollution: Treating industrial and domestic waste before disposal, proper sewage management, reducing the use of harmful chemicals.
• Pollutants due to which air pollution increases: Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide.
• Adverse effects of noise pollution: Hearing loss, stress, sleep disturbances, reduced productivity.

1. Give reasons (Ch. - 11): No specific reasons - based questions are numbered separately here, but the explanations above cover relevant reasoning for the concepts.

Answer:

1. Fill - in - the blanks (Ch. - 4):

• architect
• Shah Jahan
• Somnath Temple
• Ahmed Shah I

1. True - False (Ch. - 4):

• True
• True
• True
• True
• True

1. One - word answers (Ch. - 4):

• Black Pagoda
• chisel, hammer
• Gujarat
• Nagina Wadi

1. One - sentence answers (Ch. - 4):

• Rani ni Vav was built by Udayamati in Patan, Gujarat.
• Adi - Kadi Step - Well is an important step - well with architectural significance.
• The book written by Sarangdev of Devgiri and Haripal Dev of Gujarat is 'Sangeet Ratnakar'.
• The speciality of South Indian temples is their towering gopurams.
• Kumbhalgarh Fort and Chittorgarh Fort are important pieces of Hindu architecture during the medieval time.

1. Term explanations (Ch. - 4):

• Hudo: Insufficient context.
• Gopuram: A monumental tower at Hindu temple entrance, especially in South India, richly decorated.

1. Give reasons (Ch. - 4):

• The Sun temple of Konark is called the Black Pagoda due to its dark stone, heat - absorbing property and its appearance to sailors.
• Hampi was a major trade and commerce centre due to its location, cultural heritage and trade of various goods.

1. Short notes (Ch. - 4):

• Rudra Mahalaya: A possible temple or religious place dedicated to Lord Shiva.
• Navratri Garba Festival: A nine - day festival in Gujarat with Garba dance around Goddess Durga idol.
• Urbanization during medieval period: Driven by trade, new capitals, religious and cultural growth, and foreign influence.

1. Fill - in - the blanks (Ch. - 11):

• Earth
• gravitational pull of the moon
• anthropogenic

1. True - False (Ch. - 11):

• False
• False
• False
• True
• True

1. One - word answers (Ch. - 11):

• four
• twice
• tides
• noise

1. Term explanations (Ch. - 11):

• Biosphere: Global sum of all ecosystems with living - non - living interactions.
• Atmosphere: Layer of gases around Earth essential for life.
• Hydrosphere: All water on Earth's surface.

1. Two - three sentence answers (Ch. - 11):

• Land pollution: Industrial waste, improper garbage, agricultural chemicals.
• Air pollution: Vehicle emissions, industrial smoke, fossil fuel burning.
• Water pollution prevention: Treat waste, manage sewage, reduce chemicals.
• Air - pollution increasing pollutants: Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide etc.
• Noise pollution effects: Hearing loss, stress, sleep issues, reduced productivity.