Question

chapter 5: biodiversity, species interaction, and population control
five ways species interact

1. competition: species compete for the same resources
2. predation: one species eats another
3. parasitism: a parasite attaches to or lives inside a host
4. mutualism: both species benefit from the interaction
5. commensalism: one species benefits, the other is not affected

examples of species interactions

• predator - prey relationship:
• predators use strategies like immigration and emigration to catch prey
• prey use strategies like _, chemical warfare, and camouflage to avoid capture

population dynamics
population growth factors

• births + _ - deaths - _ - population change

population characteristics

• age distribution:
• _ age: future population potential
• _ age: current population growth
• _ age: no population growth

types of population growth

• biotic potential: _ for population growth
• exponential growth: _ population increase
• logistic growth: population _ at carrying capacity

key vocabulary

• carrying capacity (k): _ number of organisms an environment can support
• founder effect: _ genetic diversity when a small group starts a new population
• density - dependent factors: population changes based on _ of organisms

ecological succession
primary succession

• starts with _ environment
• first organisms: _ (combination of fungus and algae)

secondary succession

• begins with existing _
• occurs after _ or disruption of ecosystem

Explanation:

1. Competition: Species compete for the same resources.
2. Predation: One species eats another.
3. Parasitism: A parasite attaches to or lives inside a host.
4. Mutualism: Both species benefit from the interaction.
5. Commensalism: One species benefits, the other is not affected.

• In predator - prey relationships, prey use strategies like behavioral defenses, chemical warfare, and camouflage to avoid capture.
• Population growth factors: Births + Immigration - Deaths - Emigration = Population Change.
• Age distribution:
• Pre - reproductive age: Future population potential.
• Reproductive age: Current population growth.
• Post - reproductive age: No population growth.
• Types of population growth:
• Biotic potential: Maximum rate for population growth.
• Exponential growth: Unrestricted population increase.
• Logistic growth: Population stabilizes at carrying capacity.
• Key vocabulary:
• Carrying Capacity (K): Maximum number of organisms an environment can support.
• Founder Effect: Reduced genetic diversity when a small group starts a new population.
• Density - Dependent Factors: Population changes based on density of organisms.
• Ecological succession:
• Primary succession starts with a barren environment. First organisms are lichens (combination of fungus and algae).
• Secondary succession begins with existing soil. Occurs after a disturbance of ecosystem.

Answer:

1. compete
2. eats
3. parasite
4. benefit
5. not

• behavioral defenses
• Immigration; Emigration
• Pre - reproductive; Reproductive; Post - reproductive
• Maximum rate; Unrestricted; stabilizes
• Maximum; Reduced; density
• barren; lichens; soil; disturbance