Question

chapter 6 molecular biology

1. mutations which are transferred to offspring.
2. mutations that change chromosome structure
3. a change in a single nucleotide in dna
4. mutation which changes the reading frame of the base sequence after the mutation
5. which mutations are usually least dangerous to the organism?
6. why?
7. chromosomal mutation in which a segment of dna is lost.
8. chromosomal mutation in which a segment of dna is repeated.
9. chromosomal mutation in which a segment of dna is flipped and then reattached to the same chromosome.
10. chromosomal mutation in which a segment of dna from one chromosome is added to another, unrelated chromosome.
11. a chromosomal mutation in which two segments from different chromosomes change positions.
12. a mutation in which a mutated codon codes for the same amino acid
13. a mutation in which a mutated codon codes for a different amino acid.
14. a mutation in which a mutated codon is a premature stop codon.
15. what causes a frameshift mutation?

what type of mutation is indicated below?
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
6.9 mutation causes

1. environmental factors that cause mutations

answer the following questions in this section using the terms in the box.
tautomerism depurination transversion deamination transition

1. a base is changed by the repositioning of a hydrogen atom
2. a purine to purine (a to g, g to a), or a pyrimidine to pyrimidine (c to t, t to c) change
3. spontaneous deamination of 5 - methycytosine
4. loss of a purine base (a or g)
5. a purine becomes a pyrimidine, or vice versa

Explanation:

Each answer corresponds to the standard terminology in molecular biology for the described mutation types, causes, and characteristics.

Answer:

1. Germline mutation
2. Chromosomal mutation
3. Point mutation (single nucleotide polymorphism)
4. Frameshift mutation
5. Silent mutations (or neutral mutations)
6. They do not alter the encoded amino acid/protein function, so they have no negative impact on the organism's phenotype or survival.
7. Deletion (chromosomal deletion)
8. Duplication (chromosomal duplication)
9. Inversion (chromosomal inversion)
10. Translocation (non-reciprocal translocation)
11. Reciprocal translocation
12. Silent mutation
13. Missense mutation
14. Nonsense mutation
15. Insertion or deletion of nucleotides that are not in multiples of 3, which shifts the mRNA reading frame.
16. Non-reciprocal translocation
17. Deletion (chromosomal deletion)
18. Inversion (chromosomal inversion)
19. Duplication (chromosomal duplication)
20. Reciprocal translocation
21. Mutagens
22. tautomerism
23. transition
24. deamination
25. depurination
26. transversion