Question

chromosome mutations
sketch it!
create illustrations to show the following chromosome mutations. note: chromosomes exist in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but prokaryotic chromosome structure tends to be very different from eukaryotic chromosomes.

1. duplication
2. deletion
3. inversion
4. translocation

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Explanation:

To solve this, we need to understand each chromosome mutation and sketch them:

9. Duplication:

• Explanation: A segment of the chromosome is copied, resulting in an extra copy of that segment.
• Sketch Idea: Draw a normal chromosome (e.g., a linear structure with genes labeled, say, A-B-C-D). Then draw a chromosome where a segment (e.g., B-C) is duplicated, so it becomes A-B-C-B-C-D. Show the original and the mutated chromosome side by side, highlighting the duplicated part.

10. Deletion:

• Explanation: A segment of the chromosome is removed, leading to the loss of genetic material.
• Sketch Idea: Start with a normal chromosome (A-B-C-D). Then draw a chromosome where a segment (e.g., B-C) is deleted, resulting in A-D. Show the original and the mutated chromosome, with the deleted segment crossed out or missing.

11. Inversion:

• Explanation: A segment of the chromosome is reversed in orientation.
• Sketch Idea: Take a normal chromosome (A-B-C-D). Then draw a chromosome where a segment (e.g., B-C) is inverted, so it becomes A-C-B-D. Show the original and the mutated chromosome, with arrows or labels indicating the reversed segment.

12. Translocation:

• Explanation: A segment of one chromosome is transferred to a non - homologous chromosome.
• Sketch Idea: Draw two non - homologous chromosomes, say Chromosome 1 (A-B-C-D) and Chromosome 2 (E-F-G-H). Then show a translocation where a segment (e.g., B-C) from Chromosome 1 is moved to Chromosome 2, resulting in Chromosome 1 (A-D) and Chromosome 2 (E-F-B-C-G-H). Highlight the transferred segment.

Answer:

9. Duplication Sketch:

Draw a normal chromosome (e.g., linear with genes A, B, C, D) and a mutated one with a duplicated segment (e.g., A, B, C, B, C, D), highlighting the duplicate.

10. Deletion Sketch:

Draw a normal chromosome (A, B, C, D) and a mutated one with a segment (e.g., B, C) deleted (A, D), showing the missing part.

11. Inversion Sketch:

Draw a normal chromosome (A, B, C, D) and a mutated one with a segment (e.g., B, C) inverted (A, C, B, D), indicating the reversed segment.

12. Translocation Sketch:

Draw two non - homologous chromosomes (e.g., Chromosome 1: A, B, C, D; Chromosome 2: E, F, G, H) and show a segment (e.g., B, C) from Chromosome 1 translocated to Chromosome 2 (Chromosome 1: A, D; Chromosome 2: E, F, B, C, G, H), highlighting the transfer.