Question

class notes topic: earthquakes questions/main idea: what is an earthquake? what is a focus? what is an epicenter? what is a fault? what causes earthquakes? what are aftershocks? what are foreshocks? what is seismology? what instruments are used to measure the waves? what are the two main types of seismic waves? what are the two types of body waves? describe a p wave. describe an s wave. describe an l wave. (aka - surface wave)

Explanation:

An earthquake is the shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, creating seismic waves. The focus is the point within the Earth where the earthquake rupture starts. The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus. A fault is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock that can cause earthquakes when the blocks move relative to each other. Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes that occur after a main - shock. Foreshocks are smaller earthquakes that precede a main - shock. Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves. Seismographs are used to measure seismic waves. The two main types of seismic waves are body waves and surface waves. The two types of body waves are P - waves (primary waves, which are compressional waves and the fastest) and S - waves (secondary waves, which are shear waves and slower than P - waves). P - waves are compressional waves that can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. S - waves are shear waves that can only travel through solids. L - waves (surface waves) are slower than body waves and cause the most damage as they move the ground surface.

Answer:

What is an earthquake? - The shaking of the ground caused by sudden energy release in Earth's crust.
What is a focus? - The point within Earth where earthquake rupture starts.
What is an epicenter? - The point on Earth's surface directly above the focus.
What is a fault? - A fracture or zone of fractures between two rock - blocks that can cause movement and earthquakes.
What causes earthquakes? - Movement along faults due to tectonic forces.
What are aftershocks? - Smaller earthquakes after a main - shock.
What are foreshocks? - Smaller earthquakes before a main - shock.
What is seismology? - The scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves.
What instruments are used to measure the waves? - Seismographs.
What are the two main types of seismic waves? - Body waves and surface waves.
What are the two types of body waves? - P - waves and S - waves.
Describe a P wave. - Compressional wave, fastest, can travel through solids, liquids, and gases.
Describe an S wave. - Shear wave, slower than P - waves, can only travel through solids.
Describe an L wave (aka - surface wave). - Slower than body waves, causes most damage as it moves ground surface.