Question

compare the student text with the source.
source: carolyn cinami decristofano, a black hole is not a hole, page 5. published by charlesbridge, 2012:

nothing can out - tug a black hole. no army of tow trucks, no convoy of supersized earth haulers, no fleet of giant rocket engines.

student text:

the pull of a black hole is so strong that nothing can pull stronger, not even a fleet of giant rocket engines (decristofano 5).

is the student text plagiarized?

no, it is not plagiarized.

yes, because it fails to use quotation marks.

yes, because it fails to cite the source.

Explanation:

The student rephrased the core claim of the source text in their own words, included a proper in-text citation for the source, and only used a short shared phrase that is part of the supporting example, which does not require quotation marks for this level of paraphrasing and proper attribution.

Answer:

No, it is not plagiarized.