Question

day of infamy by franklin delano roosevelt
part 1: reading
directions: read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question that follows. refer to the passage as often as necessary when answering the questions.
passage - franklin d roosevelts \day of infamy\ speech. the public papers and addresses of franklin d. roosevelt, 1941 volume (new york: harper & brothers publishers, 1950): 514 - 515.
this passage is adapted from president franklin d. roosevelts address to the u.s. congress on december 8, 1941, the day after japan attacked pearl harbor in hawaii. in this historic speech, often called the \day of infamy\ speech, roosevelt urges congress to declare war and emphasizes the strength and resolve of the american people.
to the congress of the united states:
yesterday, dec. 7, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the united states of america was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the empire of japan.
the united states was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of japan, was still in conversation with the government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the pacific.
indeed, one hour after japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in oahu, the japanese ambassador to the united states and his colleagues delivered to the secretary of state a formal reply to a recent american message. while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or armed attack.
it will be recorded that the distance of hawaii from japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. during the intervening time, the japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the united states by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.
the attack yesterday on the hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to american naval and military forces.
how does roosevelt show that japans attack was a premeditated act rather than a sudden decision?
a by explaining that japan had engaged in deceptive diplomacy while secretly planning the attack
b by listing the number of casualties and the extent of damage to american forces
c by claiming that japans leaders had publicly announced their war plans weeks before the attack
d by stating that japan had warned the u.s. about its intentions but was ignored

Explanation:

Roosevelt mentions that Japan was in diplomatic conversations with the U.S. while secretly planning the attack, using false statements and expressions of hope for peace to deceive the U.S. This shows pre - meditation. Listing casualties (B) shows the impact, not pre - meditation. There is no mention of Japan publicly announcing war plans weeks before (C). And Japan did not warn the U.S. about its intentions (D).

Answer:

A. By explaining that Japan had engaged in deceptive diplomacy while secretly planning the attack