Question

a designed culture refers to the application of ______ to increase desirable behaviors.
(a) psychoanalysis
(b) positive reinforcement
(c) negative reinforcement
(d) punishment
question 8
repression occurs due to
(a) emotional problems.
(b) the fact that many unconscious thoughts are of a threatening, sexual, or aggressive nature.
(c) the fact that many of our dreams are scary.
(d) forgetfulness.

Explanation:

1. For the first question, positive reinforcement is used to increase desirable behaviors. Psychoanalysis focuses on unconscious - mind exploration, negative reinforcement removes an aversive to increase behavior (not the same as directly increasing with a positive stimulus), and punishment decreases behavior.
2. For the second question, repression in psychoanalytic theory occurs because many unconscious thoughts are of a threatening, sexual, or aggressive nature. Emotional problems can be a result of repression rather than a cause, scary dreams are not the cause of repression, and forgetfulness is different from repression which is an active defense mechanism.

Answer:

1. B. positive reinforcement
2. B. the fact that many unconscious thoughts are of a threatening, sexual, or aggressive nature.