Question

directions read this selection and answer the questions that follow. the hints can help you find the correct answers. winter brings many problems, including broken pipes caused by frozen water. even when a faucet is not turned on, water completely fills the pipe, waiting to come out. when the temperature drops to 32 degrees fahrenheit or colder, that water freezes. when water freezes, it expands. when the pressure of the ice becomes greater than the pressure of the pipe, the pipe cracks open, leading to leaks when the water starts flowing again. there are steps you can take to avoid cracked pipes. first, keep your basement as warm as is feasible in the winter. insulate and caulk gaps in the foundation, and block any drafts. you can use heat tape on the pipes themselves, and cover both the tape and the pipes with fiberglass insulation to keep everything cozy. finally, always drain the pipes completely if the house is to be closed up for all or part of the winter. thinking it through 1. which of the following best summarizes paragraph 1? a. when the temperature drops to 32 degrees fahrenheit or colder, the water in a pipe freezes and expands, creating more pressure and resulting in a cracked pipe. b. in winter, water freezes, which causes it to expand, resulting in cracked pipes and leaks in all of the homes nearby. c. frozen pipes are a common problem in many parts of the country during the winter. d. a good way to keep the basement warm is to install a small gas heater. hint which sentence captures the main idea and most important points of the paragraph? 2. which is the best paraphrase of the first sentence from the selection? a. the many problems brought by winter include broken pipes caused by frozen water. b. many problems, including broken pipes caused by frozen water, occur in winter. c. one common problem in winter is cracked pipes caused by water that freezes. d. broken pipes and frozen water are two of the many problems winter brings. hint a paraphrase should be in your own words and maintain the meaning of the original sentence.

Explanation:

1. For the first question, option A accurately summarizes the first - paragraph by including the key elements of temperature drop, water freezing and expanding, and resulting in a cracked pipe. Option B is too general about the location of leaks, option C doesn't mention the cause - effect relationship as comprehensively as A, and option D is about a way to keep the basement warm which is not the main idea of the first paragraph.
2. For the second question, option A is the best paraphrase as it re - states the main idea of the first sentence in the selection, which is that winter problems include broken pipes due to frozen water. The other options either change the emphasis or are not as precise in capturing the original meaning.

Answer:

1. A. When the temperature drops to 32 degrees Fahrenheit or colder, the water in a pipe freezes and expands, creating more pressure and resulting in a cracked pipe.
2. A. The many problems brought by winter include broken pipes caused by frozen water.