Question

the early united states population was predominantly protestant. in the nineteenth century, urban populations became increasingly roman catholic, especially in the cities of the northeastern united states. this shift in the pattern of religion was caused by
a internal rural - to - urban migration from farming areas of the eastern united states
b transnational migration from ireland, southern germany, and italy
c transnational migration from latin america and the caribbean
d religious conversion of urban residents
e out - migration of protestants to rural farming areas of the midwestern united states

Explanation:

In the 19th - century, Ireland, southern Germany, and Italy had large - scale Roman Catholic populations. Transnational migration from these places to the northeastern United States cities contributed to the increase of the Roman Catholic population in urban areas. Internal rural - to - urban migration in the US was mainly of Protestants. Migration from Latin America and the Caribbean was not a major factor in this 19th - century shift. There is no evidence of large - scale religious conversion, and out - migration of Protestants to the Midwest is not the main cause of the urban Catholic increase.

Answer:

B. transnational migration from Ireland, southern Germany, and Italy