Question

el eisenberg, a genetics expert at tel aviv university in israel, recently discovered that ____ have a special genetic ability called rna editing that confers evolutionary advantages.
which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of standard english?
a) cephalopods, ocean dwellers that include the squid, the octopus, and the cuttlefish
b) cephalopods—ocean dwellers—that include the squid, the octopus, and the cuttlefish,
c) cephalopods, ocean dwellers that include: the squid, the octopus, and the cuttlefish,
d) cephalopods—ocean dwellers that include the squid, the octopus, and the cuttlefish—
question #
formed in 1967 to foster political and economic stability within the asia - pacific region, the association of southeast asian nations was originally made up of five members: thailand, the philippines, singapore, malaysia, and indonesia. by the end of the 1990s, the organization ____ its initial membership.
which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of standard english?
a) has doubled
b) had doubled
c) doubles

Explanation:

Question 1

The phrase "ocean dwellers that include the squid, the octopus, and the cuttlefish" is a non - essential appositive phrase. Dashes are used to set off non - essential elements more emphatically than commas in this context. The sentence should end with a dash to complete the appositive construction.

The action of the organization doubling its initial membership happened before the end of the 1990s (a past time). We use the past perfect tense "had + past participle" to show an action that was completed before another past action or time.

Answer:

D. cephalopods—ocean dwellers that include the squid, the octopus, and the cuttlefish—

Question 2