Question

at the end of the 1800s, the direct effect of more leisure time was that
boredom enveloped the culture.
there was an increase in crime.
popular culture began to grow.
people took second jobs.

Explanation:

By the end of the 1800s, industrialization led to shorter work hours and more leisure time for many people. This surplus free time created a demand for entertainment and activities, directly fueling the growth of popular culture like vaudeville, spectator sports, and mass-produced media. The other options are not the direct primary effect of increased leisure time in this era.

Answer:

popular culture began to grow.