Question

enlightenment thinkers

1. what was john lockes idea about natural rights, and how did it influence revolutions?
2. what did montesquieu believe was the best way to prevent abuse of power?
3. according to rousseau, how did society affect peoples natural goodness?
4. why did voltaire defend freedom of speech and religion?
5. how did mary wollstonecraft challenge traditional views about women?
6. how did enlightenment thinkers believe reason could improve society?

the glorious revolution

1. what is the principle of \divine right,\ and why did it cause conflict with parliament?

Explanation:

These answers are based on the well - known ideas of Enlightenment thinkers and historical events related to the Glorious Revolution. Key concepts such as natural rights, separation of powers, the impact of society on human nature, and the nature of political power were considered.

Answer:

1. John Locke believed that people have natural rights such as life, liberty, and property. His ideas influenced revolutions by providing a philosophical basis for the idea that governments exist to protect these rights, and if a government fails to do so, the people have the right to overthrow it. For example, the American and French Revolutions were inspired by his ideas of natural - rights and the social contract.
2. Montesquieu believed that the best way to prevent the abuse of power was through the separation of powers. He proposed dividing the government into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, so that each branch could check and balance the others.
3. Rousseau believed that society corrupted people's natural goodness. He thought that in the state of nature, people were good and free, but the development of civilization, especially the institution of private property, led to inequality, competition, and vice.
4. Voltaire defended freedom of speech and religion because he believed in the importance of individual liberty and the right to express one's opinions and beliefs without fear of persecution. He saw religious intolerance and censorship as major obstacles to progress and human happiness.
5. Mary Wollstonecraft challenged traditional views about women by arguing for women's equal rights in education, politics, and society. She believed that women were just as rational as men and should be given the same opportunities for self - development.
6. Enlightenment thinkers believed that reason could improve society by promoting scientific progress, challenging superstition and ignorance, and creating more just and rational social and political systems. They thought that by using reason, people could understand and solve social problems, and create a more harmonious and prosperous society.
7. The principle of "divine right" was the idea that monarchs were appointed by God to rule and were answerable only to God. It caused conflict with Parliament because it gave the monarch absolute power, while Parliament believed in the rights and powers of the people and the need for a more balanced form of government.