Question

explain how reinforcement and punishment influence behavior.

Explanation:

Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Positive reinforcement involves adding a pleasant stimulus (e.g., a reward), while negative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus (e.g., taking away a chore). Punishment, on the other hand, decreases the likelihood of a behavior. Positive punishment adds an aversive stimulus (e.g., a fine), and negative punishment removes a pleasant stimulus (e.g., taking away a privilege).

Answer:

Reinforcement increases behavior - positive by adding pleasant, negative by removing aversive. Punishment decreases behavior - positive by adding aversive, negative by removing pleasant.