Question

the four main classes of organic compounds (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) that are essential to the proper functioning of all living things are known as polymers or macromolecules. all of these compounds are primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen but in different ratios. this gives each compound different properties.
carbohydrates
carbohydrates are used by the body for energy and structural support in cell walls of plants and exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans. they are made of smaller subunits called monosaccharides. monosaccharides have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
monosaccharides or simple sugars include glucose, galactose, and fructose. although their chemical formulas are the same, they have different structural formulas. these simple sugars combine to make disaccharides (double sugars like sucrose) and polysaccharides (long chains like cellulose, chitin, and glycogen).
color code the glucose molecule on this worksheet (carbon - black, hydrogen - yellow, and oxygen - red). use the diagram of glucose to tell how many carbons, hydrogens, and oxygens are in a single molecule.
#c__ #h #o__
questions:

1. macromolecules are also known as ____
2. if all the macromolecules are made mainly of the elements c, h and o, how are they different?
3. name 2 ways your body uses carbohydrates.
4. what are the subunits called that make up carbohydrates?
5. what is the ratio of c, h, and o in monosaccharides?
6. name 3 monosaccharides.
7. monosaccharides are ____ sugars.
8. what are disaccharides & give an example?
9. long chains of sugars are ____. name and describe three.

Explanation:

1. Macromolecules are also known as polymers as stated in the text.
2. They are different because they have different ratios of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen which gives each compound different properties.
3. The body uses carbohydrates for energy and structural support.
4. The subunits that make up carbohydrates are called monosaccharides.
5. The ratio of C, H, and O in monosaccharides is 1:2:1.
6. Three monosaccharides are glucose, galactose, and fructose.
7. Monosaccharides are simple sugars.
8. Disaccharides are double - sugars formed by the combination of two monosaccharides. An example is sucrose.
9. Long chains of sugars are polysaccharides. Three examples are cellulose (provides structural support in plant cell walls), chitin (found in exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans), and glycogen (used for energy storage in animals).

Answer:

1. Polymers
2. Different ratios of C, H, O give different properties.
3. Energy, structural support
4. Monosaccharides
5. 1:2:1
6. Glucose, galactose, fructose
7. Simple
8. Double - sugars; Sucrose
9. Polysaccharides; Cellulose (plant cell wall support), Chitin (insect/crustacean exoskeletons), Glycogen (animal energy storage)