Question

1 a) generally speaking, how was power divided between the federal government and the provincial governments in the dominion of canada?

b) what term describes a political system in which the central government holds more power than the provincial governments?

c) what are some of the powers that allowed the central government to predominate over the provinces?

2 use the following letters to indicate which level of government had jurisdiction over the areas listed below: federal government (f), provincial government (p) or both levels of government (f + p).
natural resources _
military _
education _
residuary powers _
health _
agriculture _
civil law _
postal service _
indigenous peoples _
criminal law _
currency _
immigration _
3 under the bna act of 1867, how did the sources of revenue differ between the two levels of government?

4 a) what does the expression \provincial autonomy\ mean?

b) ontario premier oliver mowat fought for the recognition of provincial autonomy. what abuse of power by the federal government was he critical of? provide an example.

c) how did ontario premier oliver mowat respond?

d) how did the privy council rule on the matter?

5 in 1869, the canadian government purchased western territories from the hudsons bay company.
a) why did the government purchase this land?

b) which people already occupied the area and had been living on the land long before the purchase?

Explanation:

a) In the Dominion of Canada, the British North - America Act (BNA Act) of 1867 divided powers. The federal government had powers like national defense, currency, and criminal law. Provincial governments had powers over education, civil law, and some aspects of natural resources. Some areas like agriculture had shared jurisdiction.
b) The term is "centralized system" or "unitary - like system" (in a federal context where central government dominates).
c) Powers such as the power to make laws for peace, order, and good government of Canada (residual powers), power over inter - provincial and international trade, and the ability to disallow provincial laws allowed the central government to predominate.

1. Natural resources: P; Military: F; Education: P; Residuary powers: F; Health: F + P; Agriculture: F + P; Civil law: P; Postal service: F; Indigenous peoples: F; Immigration: F; Currency: F.
2. The federal government had broader taxing powers including customs and excise duties. Provincial governments relied more on direct taxes like property taxes and had some revenues from natural resources within their provinces.

4a) Provincial autonomy means the right of provinces to have self - governance in areas assigned to them by the constitution, to make laws and policies without excessive federal interference.
4b) Mowat was critical of the federal government's over - reaching use of its disallowance power over provincial laws. For example, in matters related to provincial jurisdiction over local affairs.
4c) Mowat challenged the federal government's actions in court and through political means, arguing for a more balanced federal - provincial relationship.
4d) The Privy Council often ruled in favor of a more strict interpretation of provincial rights in some cases, helping to define the boundaries of provincial autonomy.
5a) The government purchased the land to expand the territory of Canada, to encourage settlement and economic development, and to have control over the vast natural resources in the west.
5b) Métis and First Nations people already occupied the area and had long - standing claims and ways of life on the land.

Answer:

a) The BNA Act of 1867 divided powers with federal having powers like defense and currency, and provincial having powers over education and civil law, with some shared areas.
b) Centralized system/unitary - like system (in federal context).
c) Residual powers, trade powers, disallowance power.

1. Natural resources: P; Military: F; Education: P; Residuary powers: F; Health: F + P; Agriculture: F + P; Civil law: P; Postal service: F; Indigenous peoples: F; Immigration: F; Currency: F.
2. Federal had broader taxing powers like customs, provincial relied on direct taxes and some natural resource revenues.

4a) Right of provinces to self - govern in assigned areas without excessive federal interference.
4b) Criticized over - use of disallowance power, e.g., in local affairs.
4c) Challenged in court and politically for a balanced relationship.
4d) Often ruled in favor of provincial rights in some cases.
5a) To expand territory, encourage settlement and access resources.
5b) Métis and First Nations people.