Question

government 1.6 - 1.9 review

1. which of the following is often seen as a problem with the articles of confederation?
2. the connecticut (great) compromise allowed for:
3. which of the following shows checks and balances from the constitution?
4. which enlightenment thinker is known for the social contract and individual rights to life, liberty, and property?
5. which of the following is an example of checks and balances in the constitution?
6. which article of the u.s. constitution sets up the executive branch?
7. enumerated powers of the federal government include all of the following except:
8. the words \all men and women are created equal\ most resemble which document?
9. which of the following shows checks and balances in action in the u.s. government?
10. what is the main purpose of the separation of powers in government?
11. in the u.s. political system, what does federalism refer to?
12. what does limited government mean?
13. which of the following best defines republicanism?
14. which power allows both federal and state governments to create tax policies?
15. what is the principle of popular sovereignty?

Explanation:

1. Identifies a core flaw of the Articles of Confederation, which lacked a strong central government, most notably the inability to tax states or regulate interstate commerce.
2. Describes the Great Compromise, which established a bicameral legislature: the Senate (equal representation per state) and the House of Representatives (representation based on state population).
3. Defines checks and balances as the system where each branch of government can limit the power of the others (e.g., Congress can override a presidential veto, the Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional).
4. Names John Locke, the Enlightenment philosopher whose work Two Treatises of Government outlined the social contract and natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
5. Provides a specific example of checks and balances, such as the president vetoing a bill passed by Congress, or the Senate confirming presidential nominees.
6. States that Article II of the U.S. Constitution establishes the executive branch, led by the president.
7. Excludes a non-enumerated power; enumerated powers (listed in Article I, Section 8) include coining money, declaring war, and regulating interstate commerce, while powers like establishing public schools are reserved for states.
8. Links the phrase to the Declaration of Sentiments (1848), which adapted the Declaration of Independence's language to advocate for women's rights.
9. Gives a real-world example of checks and balances in action, such as the Supreme Court striking down a federal law as unconstitutional, or Congress impeaching a federal official.
10. Explains that separation of powers divides government authority into legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent any single branch from gaining too much power.
11. Defines U.S. federalism as the system of shared power between the national (federal) government and state governments, with each having distinct and overlapping authorities.
12. Defines limited government as the principle that government power is restricted by law (like the Constitution) and cannot act arbitrarily, protecting individual rights.
13. Defines republicanism as a system of government where power is held by the people, who exercise it through elected representatives, rather than a monarch.
14. Identifies concurrent powers, which are powers shared by both the federal and state governments, including the ability to levy taxes.
15. Defines popular sovereignty as the principle that the ultimate source of governmental power lies with the people, who express their will through elections and other democratic processes.

Answer:

1. A common problem was the federal government's inability to levy taxes or regulate interstate commerce (it had no power to enforce laws on states).
2. A bicameral legislature with equal representation in the Senate (2 per state) and population-based representation in the House of Representatives.
3. Examples include: Congress can override a presidential veto; the Supreme Court can declare federal/state laws unconstitutional; the president nominates federal judges, who are confirmed by the Senate.
4. John Locke
5. Example: The president vetoes a bill passed by the U.S. Congress.
6. Article II
7. Example of a correct answer (non-enumerated power): The power to establish public schools (reserved for states).
8. The Declaration of Sentiments (from the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention)
9. Example: The U.S. Supreme Court strikes down a federal law as a violation of the Constitution.
10. To prevent the concentration of power in any single branch of government, protecting against tyranny.
11. A system of shared political power between the national (federal) government and state governments, each having their own areas of authority.
12. A system where government power is restricted by a constitution or laws, ensuring it cannot act without limit and must respect individual rights.
13. A form of government where power is held by the people and exercised through elected representatives, rather than a hereditary ruler.
14. Concurrent powers
15. The principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political power.