Question

• he studied __ -like shapes, called , and -like shapes, called __.
• he also figured out the value of ____.
• this number is used to measure the __ of __.
• __ was also an who developed and __ of war.

greece and rome (page 175 - 176)

• __ held power over __ for a time but could not keep the greek city - states permanently under control.
• __ and some other city - states regained their __.
• these city - states did not have strong __ and remained __ for only a short time.
• __ was a city - state in central __.
• in the late __ b.c.e., conquered the entire __ peninsula.
• the __ city - states lost their lands in southern __.
• gradually, __ gained control of the greek __.

greek civics and government (page 176)

• greeks could participate in their city - states __ process depending on their form of and __ status.
• ancient greek principles of __ and rule of influenced the system of __ in the united states today.

early reforms (pages 176 - 177)

• define tyrant: ____
• the __ people of greece supported the when they overthrew the during the __ b.c.e.

Explanation:

These fill-in-the-blank questions cover ancient Greek and Roman history, government, and key figures. Answers are based on standard ancient Mediterranean history content:

1. The first section refers to Archimedes, a Greek mathematician who studied solid geometry, calculated pi, and was also an engineer with war inventions.
2. The Greece and Rome section covers Macedonian control of Greece, the rise of Rome, and Roman conquest of the Greek world.
3. The Greek Civics section links ancient Greek democratic ideas to modern U.S. government.
4. The Early Reforms section defines a tyrant and covers early Greek political upheaval.

Answer:

First Section (Archimedes):

• Archimedes worked on solid geometry
• He studied ball-like shapes, called spheres and tube-like shapes, called cylinders
• He also figured out the value of $\pi$ (pi)
• This number is used to measure the circumference of circles
• Archimedes was also an engineer who developed catapults and machines of war.

Greece and Rome:

• Macedonia held power over Greece for a time but could not keep the Greek city-states permanently under control.
• Athens and some other city-states regained their independence.
• These city-states did not have strong unity and remained free for only a short time.
• Rome was a city-state in central Italy.
• In the late 200s B.C.E., Rome conquered the entire Italian Peninsula.
• The Greek city-states lost their lands in southern Italy.
• Gradually, Rome gained control of the Greek world.

Greek Civics and Government:

• Greeks could participate in their city-states' governing process depending on their form of government and citizenship status.
• Ancient Greek principles of democracy and rule of law influenced the system of government in the United States today.

Early Reforms:

• Define tyrant: A ruler who seizes power illegally, often with support of the common people, and rules with absolute authority.
• The common people of Greece supported the tyrants when they overthrew the aristocracy during the 600s B.C.E.