Question

history measures the manifestations of mans free will in connection with the external world in time and in dependence on cause, that is, it defines this freedom by the laws of reason. the recognition of mans free will as something capable of influencing historical events, that it is not subject to laws, is the same for history as the recognition of the free movement of the heavenly bodies as something free. that assumption would destroy the possibility of the existence of laws, that is, of any science whatever. if there were even a single body moving freely, then the laws of kepler and newton are negated and no conception of the movement of the heavenly bodies any longer exists. if any single action is due to free will, then not a single historical law can exist, nor any conception of historical events.
the more we know of the movement of human will, the more evident are the laws of that movement. to discover and define those laws is the problem of history.
the more the field of motion studied by us lies within space, time, and dependence on cause, the more evident are the laws of that movement. the less we know of the freedom of will in the present moment in space, time, and dependence on cause.

with which statement would the author most likely agree?

1. the laws of kepler and newton determine history.
2. it is human will that determines history.
3. history has laws just as science has.
4. astronomy reveals history.

Explanation:

The text discusses history as a science with laws similar to sciences like astronomy, comparing the movement of historical events to the movement of heavenly - bodies. It implies that history has laws just as science has.

Answer:

1. History has laws just as science has.