Question

1. how are gymnosperms in category gnetophyta usually pollinated? by wind by hand by insects by water

Explanation:

Gnetophytes, a group of gymnosperms, are often pollinated by insects. Insects are attracted to the plant's reproductive structures and aid in the transfer of pollen. Wind - pollination is more common in other gymnosperms like conifers. Hand - pollination is artificial and not a natural mode. Water - pollination is typical for aquatic plants, not gnetophytes.

Answer:

C. by insects