Question

how was the impact of the mongol empire on russia similar to its impact on china?
a. due to the spread of buddhism by mongol missionaries, both russia and china became predominantly buddhist societies.
b. mongol influence on both russia and china led to the eventual development of serf systems in both countries.
c. the civil service system of both countries disintegrated under mongol rule and never completely recovered.
d. the mongol empire established policies that placed extra burdens on native populations in both russia and china

Explanation:

• Option A is incorrect: Russia remained primarily Orthodox Christian, and China was already majority Buddhist/Confucian before Mongol rule; Mongols did not make both predominantly Buddhist.
• Option B is incorrect: Russia's serf system expanded under Mongol influence, but China did not develop a serf system (it had a peasant-based system with different labor structures).
• Option C is incorrect: China's civil service system was restored after Mongol rule ended, while Russia never had a comparable civil service system pre-Mongol.
• Option D is correct: Mongol rulers imposed heavy taxes, labor obligations, and tribute demands on both Russian and Chinese native populations, creating extra economic and social burdens.

Answer:

D. The Mongol Empire established policies that placed extra burdens on native populations in both Russia and China