Question

Question was provided via image upload.

Explanation:

1.

The description focuses on cognitive processes (language, memory, learning, problem - solving, thought processes) and using neuroimaging (like fMRI) to study the brain's physical work during these processes. This matches the Cognitive perspective in psychology, which examines mental processes and often uses neuroscience - related methods to study the brain - mind connection.

The key here is operant conditioning, which is a core concept of the Behavioral (or more specifically, the Operant Conditioning - based Behavioral) perspective. This perspective emphasizes how voluntary behavior is learned through consequences like positive reinforcement (rewards) for actions.

The focus on groups, relationships, and how being in different group settings (alone, with friends, in a crowd) as well as on fads, cliques, and ethnicity shows the Social - Cultural perspective. This perspective looks at how social and cultural factors influence behavior and thinking.

Answer:

Cognitive

2.