Question

hydrothermal vents are known as black or white smokers depending on the _______ that are contained in the plumes given off.

gases

minerals

sediments

Explanation:

Hydrothermal vents (black or white smokers) are classified based on the minerals in their plumes. Black smokers have sulfide - rich minerals (like iron sulfide) causing black plumes, white smokers have lighter - colored minerals (like barium, calcium sulfates) causing white plumes. Gases don't determine the "smoker" type directly, and sediments are not the key factor here.

Answer:

Minerals (the option with "Minerals" text)